1. What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer happens when cells in the breast grow in an uncontrolled way. Over time, these cells can form a lump or spread to nearby areas if not treated. It is the most common cancer among women in India, but the good news is that early detection and proper treatment can lead to very good outcomes.
Both women and, rarely, men can get breast cancer. Finding it early makes treatment simpler and more successful.
2. Who Can Get It? (Risk Factors)
Anyone can develop breast cancer, but some factors increase the chances:
Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
Early periods or late menopause
Having no children or having the first child after 30
Obesity and lack of physical activity
Long-term hormone replacement therapy
Previous radiation to the chest
Having a risk factor does not mean you will get cancer — it only means you should be more aware and regular with screening.
3. Common Signs & Symptoms
Look out for any of the following changes:
A lump in the breast or underarm
Change in breast size or shape
Dimpling or puckering of the skin
Nipple discharge, especially if bloody
Nipple turning inward
Redness, rash, or change in skin texture
These signs do not always mean cancer, but it is important to get them checked by a doctor.
4. How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is done step-by-step to understand the breast changes and plan treatment:
Breast Examination: A doctor checks for lumps, skin changes, and nipple changes.
Mammogram / Ultrasound: Imaging tests to look inside the breast.
Biopsy: A small sample is taken from the lump to confirm if it is cancer.
If cancer is confirmed, further scans may be done to check if it has spread:
CT Scan or PET-CT Scan: These help check if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
These tests guide your doctor in choosing the most suitable treatment plan for you.
5. Stages of Breast Cancer (Explained Simply)
Stages tell us how much the cancer has spread:
Stage I: Very early, limited to the breast
Stage II: Larger lump or may involve nearby nodes
Stage III: Locally advanced but still treatable
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body
Knowing the stage helps choose the right treatment approach.
6. Treatment Options
Treatment is personalised. Many women need a combination of treatments:
a) Surgery
Often the first step. It may be:
Breast-conserving surgery (removing only the lump)
Mastectomy (removal of the breast; reconstruction can be discussed)
b) Chemotherapy
Medicines to kill cancer cells. Given before or after surgery.
c) Radiation Therapy
Uses focused rays to destroy cancer cells in the breast and nearby areas.
It is safe, painless, and done as short daily sessions. Modern radiation is very precise and helps reduce side effects.
d) Hormonal Therapy
Used if the cancer is hormone-sensitive. Tablets taken for a few years to prevent recurrence.
e) Targeted / Immunotherapy
Advanced medicines that act only on cancer cells. Used for specific types based on test reports.
7. Side Effects & Coping Tips
Some common side effects may include tiredness, hair fall, nausea, or skin changes. Not everyone experiences all side effects.
Simple ways to cope:
Follow a balanced diet, stay hydrated
Light exercise or walking helps
Talk to your doctor about medicines that reduce side effects
Seek emotional support from family, friends, or support groups
Remember: Side effects are temporary. Treatment is for a short phase – recovery lasts long.
8. Living with Breast Cancer – Hope & Support
Many women in India live long, healthy lives after breast cancer treatment. Early detection, modern therapies, and family support make a big difference.
It is normal to feel anxious. Stay connected with your healthcare team, ask questions, and don’t hesitate to seek help. You are not alone — your treatment team is with you throughout the journey.
9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Can breast cancer be cured?
Yes. When found early and treated properly, many women recover completely.
Q2. Should every breast lump be a concern?
No, most lumps are not cancer — but always get them checked.
Q3. Can men get breast cancer?
Yes, but it is rare. Men should also get checked if they notice lumps.
Q4. Will I lose my hair?
This depends on the medicines used. Hair usually grows back after treatment.
Q5. Can I continue my routine life during treatment?
Yes, with some adjustments. Many women continue work and daily activities.